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A Civilization Falls Apart Essay - 1167 Words

Most of what we know to be African Literature, talks about the changes from an un-dignified lion-chasing culture to that of a semi-dignified European society. The novel Things Fall Apart by Nigerian-born author Chinua Achebe, tells the story of a Umuofian villager named Okonkwo, and how Okonkwo has to come to grips with the changes that are happening in everyday Ibo life. The novel Things Fall Apart is not your typical tall African tale. The novel is a story, a story not just about one person, but about an entire civil-society circa 1890s that becomes overwhelmed with the ideas and beliefs of the European colonizers, or as some like to refer, the white man. Author Chinua Achebe witnessed this invasion first-hand, so who better†¦show more content†¦It is this dignity that many African peoples all but lost in the colonial period...The writers duty is to help them regain it by showing them in human terms what happened to them, what they lost. (Achebe/Killam Eds. Pg. 159.) Chinua Achebe shows the reader the change of Africa as seen by the main character of the novel, Okonkwo. Okonkwo has the hardship of living in an ever-changing society. It is thru Okonkwo that the reader is able to visualize a society of immense cultural standing, and not as European colonizers would say, a society of savages. The main theme of culture is present in all areas of the novel, which helps to show to the reader all of its underlying themes, themes of tradition and themes of religion. Achebe sees the themes of culture, tradition, and religion in one bright light and European colonizers see those same themes in a totally different, somewhat snobbish dim light. However these themes are viewed, one thing is certain, change is on the horizon. The changing of Umuofia can be viewed in many different ways, the most important of which are, religion, culture, and domination through white (British) rule. The most important part of the story is when the white (British) men come to the tribe. These men, theseShow MoreRelatedThe Civilization Of Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1305 Words   |  6 PagesCivilization of Nigeria in Things Fall Apart Africa was always a savage place with no civilizations or so the white man thought. When the British first came to Africa to colonize it, the British writers wrote about how it was a savage land and had no makings of a civilization. That was completely wrong. A group of people cannot survive for thousands of years without some aspects of civilization. The novel Things Fall Apart (by Chinua Achebe) talks about and shows examples of all seven elements thatRead MoreCivilization is most often defined by its prevailing culture. In Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart,600 Words   |  3 PagesCivilization is most often defined by its prevailing culture. In Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, this connection is still apparent. Okonkwo’s father, Unoka, displayed an appreciation of culture, as well as a deliberate incorporation of it into his life. While he didn’t treasure hard work or labor, Unoka was infatuated by his village’s music and stories, and was wel l known for his verbal prowess. In one respect, he held characteristics that were traditionally associated with femininity, but inRead MoreSimilarities Between Things Fall Apart† by Achebe and The Second Coming by Yeates593 Words   |  3 PagesEssay-â€Å"Things Fall Apart† The breakdown of African society has been steadily increasing through the last century and still continues to fall apart today as western civilization looks to extend it’s way of life. There is striking similarities between the book â€Å"Things Fall Apart† written by Chinua Achebe and the poem â€Å"The Second Coming† written by William Butler Yeats, that is concerning the demise in some respect of the African culture. The two pieces of literature shows from the African peoplesRead More Essay on Yeatsian and Western Influences on Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1165 Words   |  5 PagesYeatsian and Western Influences on Things Fall Apart      Ã‚   The Igbo culture is flexible and continuous; its laws are made by men and are not solid and permanent. Change is implicit in oral culture. Igbos have been able to retain their core beliefs and behavior systems for 5000 years because of the flexibility and adaptability of their culture. Yeats says things collapse from within before they are overwhelmed by things from without- Umuofias collapse is its loss of faith, and that is also itsRead MoreEssay Things Fall Apart and its Representation: Chinua Achebe869 Words   |  4 Pages 　　　　The novel Things Fall Apart, displays Okonkwo, a local leader in the village of Nigeria. It describes how his family, comrades and the society and culture of lgbo inherit under the influence of British Colonialism and Christian missionaries during the late nineteen century. The protagonist Okonkwo is portrayed as a masculine and irritable solider who tries to prevent his villages from the invasion of Christianity, but eventually fails. He is a tragic hero who represents a culture that has beenRead MoreCollapse of Civilizations1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe factors that lead to the collapse of civilizations are almost directly related to those that created it. Archaeologists characterize collapse by a number of elements, some of which we have evidence for, others we do not. Most archaeologists are unsure of exactly what caused the decline of most civilizations in the ancient world, yet there are many clues to some of the events that could have contribu ted. The collapse of the ancient Roman Empire, the Mesoamerican Mayan, and the Egyptian culturesRead More Collapse of Civilizations Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pages The factors that lead to the â€Å"collapse† of civilizations are almost directly related to those that created it. Archaeologists characterize collapse by a number of elements, some of which we have evidence for, others we do not. Most archaeologists are unsure of exactly what caused the decline of most civilizations in the ancient world, yet there are many clues to some of the events that could have contributed. The collapse of the ancient Roman Empire, the Mesoamerican Mayan, and the Egyptian culturesRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Rise And Fall Of The Han Dynasty877 Words   |  4 Pagesstrongest civilizations in the history of the world. Although they were very strong, they still had to fall eventually. The fall of the Han Dynasty happened around 220 CE, whereas The Roman Empire’s fall happened arou nd 476 CE. These civilizations both went through times of peace throughout their reigns that allowed them to strive. The Han Dynasty’s time of peace was called The Golden Age, and it lasted much longer than Rome’s, which was called Pax Romana. The decline of these civilizations share aRead MoreAfrican Politics: No Longer at Ease by Obi Okonkwo Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel, Things Fall Apart of 1958, Achebe published a sequel to his story two years later. Both stories are tragedies: a good man comes to a bad end. His weakness combines with external conditions to bring him down. The first novel is when Britain was turning Nigeria into a colony. No Longer at Ease deals the story two generations later in the mid-1950s, as Nigeria moves toward independence. According to Professor Michael Valdez Moses, Achebe’s No Longer at Ease and Things Fall Apart trace a formalRead MoreThings Fall Apart Best Qoutes1148 Words   |  5 PagesBeware Okonkwo! she warned. Beware of exchanging words with Agbala. Does a man speak when a god speaks? Beware! - Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 11 It was like beginning life anew without the vigor and enthusiasm of youth, like learning to become left-handed in old age. - Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 14 if one finger brought oil it soiled the others. Chapter 13, Pg. 111 It was like beginning life anew without the vigor and enthusiasm of youth, like learning

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Essay Role Of Communication At The Workplace - 1083 Words

In the workplace today, we are likely to have a diverse mix of culture, age, race and gender balance. Nonverbal communication varies amongst all of these and also on the different contexts of the workplace i.e. meetings, conferences, tea breaks etc. Early morning when arriving at the office, colleagues usually wave their hands and give a smile to greet each other depending on the relation you may have with the colleague. If it is a senior manager then the wave and smile may be more reserved. The senior manager will not necessarily wave and smile back but may just nod to show that they acknowledge your gesture. Colleagues who work closer to each other or may have developed a good relation, shake hands. Amongst Kenyans, colleagues may slap†¦show more content†¦Welcoming may involve creating of space (when groups form circles) and a smile from the group members. However if your presence is not appreciated, this may involve frowns or use of unfamiliar gestures contrary to your race/culture. The circle may form without you in it or the group may just disperse. During office meetings, attending on time may give the chairperson a lot of information. If all the staff attend before time or on time, it may indicate that the agenda is very important or interesting or that the chairperson is highly respected. However, if people turn up late or not at all, it may signify that the meeting is not taken seriously, it is a waste of time or people do not respect the chairperson. During a meeting, if someone clears their throat very distinctly, it may mean that there is something being said which needs attention. If the speaker clears their throat, it may show nervousness, unclear knowledge of the subject matter or the speaker is tying to get some thinking time. If staff members begin yawning or looking outside the window, it means that they are tired or not interested in the meeting maybe because it has lasted too long. Many people start drawing on their notepads in meetings that have been too long or are uninteresting. However if the speaker looks out side, it may mean that he/she is thinking deeply. There could also be some whispering which implies that there is a sub-meeting going on either because an issue beingShow MoreRelatedAbstract: Tc Involves The Conveyance Of Technical Information1072 Words   |  5 Pagesis to find the role of technical communication in workplace contexts using the views of people in real workplaces. The study is guided by the following questions: 1) What are the roles of technical communication in the firm? 2) What is the importance of technical communicators in driving the firm forward? There have been many studies that have explored the subject of technical communication. Studies show how history has shaped the way communication is carried out at the workplace. History has alsoRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Men Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pagesequality but it has been slowly progressing. More women are starting to have high ranked jobs, more have been going into the workforce and don’t ha ve to stay home all day long to take care of the kids. There are many differences between the gender roles (how women and men act or how they should be) when it comes to certain things. Like if you tell a girl, she hits like a boy or tell a boy that he hits like a girl, it shows how both young men and women could be or are affected from different typesRead MoreThe Workforce Of Today Is Made Up Of Individuals From Diverse Backgrounds1668 Words   |  7 Pagesthe employees have a central role to play in the achievement of business goals and objectives, employers are increasingly placing more emphasis on skills such as communication, teamwork, and social responsibility (Schuele Madison, 2010). The principal argument in this essay is that social responsibility, communication, and teamwork significantly contribute to citizenship in the workplace. The paper evaluates the extent to which social responsibility, communication, and teamwork are important skillsRead MoreThis Essay Will Be Di scussing The Forms Of Communication1513 Words   |  7 Pagesthe forms of communication applicable to the career path of my choice. Since I have an interest in ancient history and have always held an appreciation for museums my chosen career is museum curatorship which will have several forms of necessary communication, however, I have chosen to focus on three specific areas. Firstly, professional communication, secondly techniques to overcome communication barriers (cognitive restructuring and systematic desensitisation) and thirdly, communication techniquesRead MoreInterpersonal Communication And The Workplace946 Words   |  4 PagesInterpersonal communication in the workplace is developed positively or negatively on the individual relationships we have combined with our human behaviors and human actions within each of those relationships. There are many things that can affect interpersonal communications within the workplace, from generational that create technological gaps, t o diversity and tolerance it creates, and finally the type of workplace, is it a team environment encouraging inclusiveness within the organization orRead MoreEssential Attributes in Nursing1220 Words   |  5 Pagescommunities. In a nursing good workplace citizenship needs an understanding and maintaining a good relationship between patients and health professional to deliver quality health care and services. In the context of nursing, communication, teamwork and social responsibility is the main graduates attributes that are essential in workplace citizenship because it promotes a healthy relationship between health professionals, patients and improve the nursing workplace. Communication is the exchanging informationRead MoreThe Communication Style Of Men And Women918 Words   |  4 Pageslive in a world where communication is significant to help build better relationships and understand others better, even though it can have some positive and negative connotations. The work environment is a difficult place for individuals to communicate because of the competition and judgment people get from other workers. Within the workplace, it is important for those to behave and speak in a professional manner in order for others to see them as assertive. The communication style of men and womenRead MoreThe Importance Of Active Listening, Positive Verbal Communication And Understanding Level Of Communication1588 Words   |  7 PagesPositive Verbal Communication and Understanding Level of Communication with Different Clients. Communication is an essential skill that involves the ability to exchange our attitude, thoughts and feelings through written, verbal and non-verbal interaction with each other (Crisp, Potter, Perry, 2013). In a wide range of workplaces, these interactions are primarily used to develop professional relationships with clients. To discuss the importance of effective communication in workplaces, I had the opportunityRead MoreCommunication And Its Impact On The Workplace936 Words   |  4 PagesOverall, communication has a big impact over all of our lives. It is something that we use on the day to day basis. For most of us we use communication on our job each and every day. On our jobs we use communication through visual communication, verbal communication, and written communication. In the workplace communication is extremely important. It can be seen as the glue that basically holds the workplace together to produce a great organization. But with communication there are also some str engthsRead MoreLateral Workplace Violence : Effective, Destructive, Or Harassment Behavior1344 Words   |  6 Pages Lateral workplace violence is described as aggressive, destructive, or harassment behavior in the workplace between nurses or other members of the interprofessional team (Yoder-Wise, 2015). This type of behavior can occur within every aspect of life including professional, social, and personal life. The behavior can include gossiping, withholding information, or ostracism extending outside of the workplace and can occur in person or in cyberspace (American Nursing Association, 2011). Lateral

The African HIV-AIDS Crisis - 2144 Words

AIDS is a known issue when it comes to global health, however, the region it has the most impact on is Africa. The human immunodeficiency virus, more commonly known as HIV, is a retrovirus. A retrovirus is basically a virus or group of viruses that insert into a host cell in order to replicate. HIV affects cells of the immune system, and destroys or impairs their function. As HIV progresses, the immune system weakens, which causes the person infected to become more susceptible to other illnesses. HIV at its most advanced stage is called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, otherwise known as AIDS. It can take 10-15 years for an HIV-infected person to develop AIDS. HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, transfusion of contaminated blood, sharing of contaminated needles, and between a mother and her infant during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. HIV infection is usually diagnosed through blood tests detecting whether or not there are HIV antibodies. Ther e is no cure for HIV infection. However, effective antiretroviral drugs can control the virus to an extent, so people living with HIV can live healthier and more productive lives (World Health Organization). Eastern and Southern Africa only accounts for five percent of the world’s population, however it is home to half the world’s population that is living with HIV. The region has been and continues to be the center of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and accounts for 48% of the world’s new HIV infectionsShow MoreRelatedHIV and African Americans Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagescommonly known as (HIV), which is a virus that attacks the immune system of humans by destroying the amount of CD4 cells in their bodies. Without CD4 the human body is unable to fight against diseases, which can lead to Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome known as AIDS for short. The first case of the HIV/AIDS virus in the U.S. occurred in the early 1980’s. The first spark of the virus was fo und in San Francisco with couple of homosexual Caucasian American males. Today African Americans account forRead MoreHow Hiv / Aids Impacted A Nation1559 Words   |  7 Pagesare either contracting the virus or not able to attend school, hampering their employment options in the future. A nation specific micro level example of how HIV/AIDS impacts a nation was a study that was conducted in South Africa that determined the factual negative impact on their economy. They found these conclusions due to the HIV/AIDS disease: a lower labour force, lower productivity, a cost pressure on companies, lower incomes, lower population, decreased investment potential, an increasedRead MoreStephen Lewis, A Canadian Politician And Humanitarian1311 Words   |  6 Pagesof watching Africans suffer through the AIDS pandemic, and critically examined how the neglect of global communities and their discrimination contributed to its failure to resolve. While the rest of the world seemed to be unrespon sive to an AIDS-ravaged continent, Mr. Lewis found himself passionately involved in the crisis and began to take action. Since his involvement with the United Nations in 1984, Stephen Lewis has tirelessly advocated for African citizens affected by HIV and AIDS, ensured thatRead MoreEducation, Poor Health Care Services, And Lack Of Modern Technology1626 Words   |  7 PagesLack of education, poor health care services, and lack of modern technology, are all global issues that lead to today’s health care crisis in South Africa. There are many negative images of Africa and its people that are learned by reading and listening to documentaries and following the news. Everything negative from the genocide in Rwanda to child sex trafficking, extreme poverty, high mortality rates and government corruption. Taking aside the legacy of colonialism and racial and ethnic inequalitiesRead MoreThe Main Cause Of Famine On Africa1674 Words   |  7 Pagesfamines in the past and that is still the case today in the African continent. For instance,in 2011 to mid 2012,east Africa had an extreme climate change that brought on a drought that was said to be the worst in 60 years.The region faced a prolonged dry season, and the rain that followed the dry season fell in low quantity resulting to a severe food crisis to the countries of Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya and Ethiopia. The sudden food crisis is said to have threatened the livelihoods of 12 million peopleRead MoreHiv and Aids in the Black Community1140 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: HIV/AIDS in African Americans ​​1 HIV/AIDS in November 15, 2012  Research, Definition, and Statement of HIV/AIDS ​African-Americans are the ethnic group most affected by HIV/AIDS. Ironically african-americans represent 14% of the population of the United States , but represent 44% across the gender line. African-american men represent 70% of HIV infections among the ethnic group, however african-american women are also highly at risk of HIV infection. IndeedRead MoreThe World Since The 1980s1154 Words   |  5 Pagessince it seemed to prey primarily on homosexual men. As it was observed that blood transfusion recipients and intravenous drug users were also contracting it the name was replaced with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and its precursor Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). As the decade progressed the body count rose and the world lost such beloved celebrities as Liberace, Freddie Mercury, Robert Reed, and Rock Hudson. Rumors swirled in its wake, ranging from the bizarre to the halfway believableRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Sub Saharan Africa855 Words   |  4 Pagesplac es like Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho poverty, crime and systematic corruption are the tinder for the fire that is the HIV epidemic in Africa. Of the 35 million people living with HIV in the world, 19 million do not know their HIV-positive status. Adolescent girls and young women account for one in four new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Women are much more vulnerable to HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis B and C than the general public. Which is supported by this excerpt from a recent AIDSTAR-OneRead More The Cause and Effect of HIV in Africa Essay examples1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cause and Effect of HIV in Africa The ubiquitous acronym HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a virus that gradually weakens the immune system until the body cannot fight off common infinitesimal infections such as pneumonia, diarrhea, the â€Å"flu†, and other illnesses. All of which can be part of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the final stage of HIV that usually develops between 2 to 10 years after the infection. This infection is frequently transmitted through unprotectedRead MoreHiv / Aids Has Stunted The Progression Of African Economy And Education System1737 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Feldman and Miller, HIV is a virus that breaks down the immune system of the host it possesses (Feldman xxvi). AIDS is sometimes called full blown HIV, as it is believed to be a direct effect of HIV (Feldman xxviii). AIDS is more serious and causes more casualties, and when it develops to its fuller extent, there’s nearly nowhere to go but down. HIV can be spread by, needle sharing, br east-feeding, blood transfusions, vomit to an open wound, and organ transplants. In second and third

Philosophy of Law Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Law and Justice. Answer: Lawand justice are two words which have been used as synonym of each other. Whenlaw is discussed, justice is assumed to be present. However, these terms are quite different from each other.Law does not necessarily mean justice, and justice does not mean that it is law. Law denotes the rules, regulations, statutes and the legislations which have been drawn for the people and which have to be followed in both letter and spirit. Justice, on the other hand, denotes fairness, righteousness, impartiality and objectivity[1]. In the following parts, these very differences and mergence of these two concepts, i.e., of law and justice have been analyzed, to gain an understanding on their relationship. Since Plutos time, the theorists of law and politics have wrestled with the issue of deciding whether justice forms a part of law, or whether the same is about the moral judgment regarding the law. The latters example can be highlighted in the concept of unjust law. A number of scholars have summarized their views in this regard and concluded that in reality, justice is about laws judgment and there is no evidence to support the notion that justice is a part of law. And yet, this has been contended. To better understand these concepts, the literal meaning of these two have to be analyzed. Law is the rule of conducts which are regulated and backed by the penalties imposed by the state, for their contravention. And justice denotes giving the individual the thing which they deserve[2]. Hence, it can be stated that the laws are the guidelines or rules which have been set p by the social institutes so that the behavior of the people can be governed. Such laws are formed by the officials of the government and the same have to be strictly followed by the people, to which it applies. Law helps in setting standards, principles and procedures which have to be obeyed. Justice is mostly based on morality, ethics and righteousness. And it requires that each and every individual should be treated in same and equal manner. Justice can thus be stated as being a part of law, as all of the aspects are present in justice as a concept[3]. These two terms are used interchangeably, and often people are confused in these two terms, and believe that they refer to the same thing. Though, the very meaning of these two words differentiates between the two. This is because the law portrays the set of rules which clearly state what is allowed and what is not, on the basis of differentiations in the right and the wrong. However, justice always analyzes the situation which led to the incident to judge what was right or wrong at that particular instance. Hence, law can be stated as a system, and justice is merely a part or the concept under this system[4]. Law is something which is created by the officials of a nation, who have been elected by the people and represent their views, and as highlighted, it defines what is allowed and what is not. The law is enforced through the officials, for instance, the law enforcement officers. Law can be stated as the group of ideas which have to pass through votes, checks and balances before they can actually be deemed as law. And only after they are enacted can they actually come in full force. Any and every individual, on whom the law applies, has to adhere to it strictly, unless they have been exempted specifically. The enforcement of the law is ensured by the judicial system[5]. This is where the role of justice comes into play. The judiciary holds the people responsible for breaking the law and has the power of prosecuting them. Depending upon the nature of the offence and the degree of the same, the law is applied, for instance criminal law would be applied for an attempted murder and internat ional law would be applied, when it comes to an issue between two different nations. On the basis of the analysis of a particular case, the judiciary delivers its verdict and this verdict is said to deliver the justice to the parties. So, the theme of the law is upheld through justice[6]. The most daring, as well as, most controversial philosopher of the twentieth century, Jacques Derrida, always emphasized upon the differences in these two concepts[7]. In Derridas words, justice was not something which was outside the law instead it was something which helps in the laws transcendence. He believed that justice was just another word for ethics and also stated that there were no such norms or rules which could govern a just response. He also argued that justice was a process which required to strategy, conditions and context to be taken into account[8]. He believed that in order to get a just response, time had to be invested on the basis of the singularity of a particular situation. Derrida also undertook a deconstructive analysis of the two concepts and in this analysis he observed that law and justice never formed an external or internal critique of the legal positivism. Instead these two concepts investigated upon the conceptual frontier of the very notion of law. H e contented a radical heterogeneity between justice and law, which led him to conclude that law, had nothing to do with the concept of justice[9]. In order to throw light on law orthodoxy regarding the law being a peaceful and neutral arbitrator, Derrida contended that there was supremacy of homogeneous and singular law, which would be sustained by force. Hence, it could be stated that in this sense, the law is authorized force. Law is construed, as per Derrida, on the interpretable textual strata, and this is agreeable to the deconstructive analysis. Conversely, justice cannot be deconstructed as it goes beyond the reasonable calculations. In the views of Derrida, justice has a relationship with the other and the same cannot be merely mediated or determined by the construct of law. Hence, it requires to be reached out to the other, by the experience of unfoundedness and instability of law. And due to these reasons the questions pertaining to justice are born at the limits of law, instead of being internal or external to the law[10]. Even though the differences have been expressly and quite vocally be put forward by Derrida, he believes that the two concepts are not opposed. Justice is such a response to the law, which cannot be calculated and depends on the given situation. The rules cannot account the otherness of a particular case and hence, justice requires reconciliation amid the other and the rule. Every decision is different and each case is the other which necessitates an absolute unique interpretation. And this cannot be guaranteed absolutely by an existing coded rule. So, to law, justice can be stated ass a deconstructive attitude. And with regards to the otherness and the singularity of the case, justice has the opportunity of reconstructing the law[11]. Another leading thinker in this regard, Hand Kelsen argued that the law and justice were two separate things and even went on to state that these were unrelated to each other. As per Kelsen, justice is indeterminate and has even called for a clear separation of these two concepts. He has also acknowledged that certain laws can be deemed as just and the other as unjust. However, he has relegated the justifying of law, which is a problematic task in his word, to the social and religion metaphysics. And even after these statements, the role of justice in the law has been acknowledged by Kelsen[12]. He believes that under the law, justice means legality. Hence, it was just to apply the general rules in each and every case, where the rules have to be applied, as per its content. However, it would become unjust where the rule is applied in a particular case and not in the other similar cases. Hence, to further his claims regarding the separation of justice from law, Kelsen made three key points. The first being that the law is determinate, however justice is not; this is followed by the question on whether or not the consideration of law being just, as an external to legal system; and the last being that under the law, justice was simply the rule of law, which has to be applied in each and every case which is under that particular rule[13]. Even though there are differences between the law and the justice, however, they do have a number of similarities. Law and justice both form a part of society and encourage the people to be moral and bring a balance in the community. Plato, the Greek philosopher believed that the law has the ability of providing justice and inner harmony in the state. And he further believed that these could be used as the moral educators. And this notion is quite right as justice and law are required to have a harmony between them, as they work together and help in bringing a balance in the society. Moreover, due to their similarities, they co-exist with each other, and the existence of one, without the other, is not possible. This is because the ultimate goal of law is to bring justice and order to the society and to punish those, who harm the society. The law is a tool, using which the justice is delivered. Without justice, there is no purpose of the law, as the compliance of law cannot be fulfill ed without presence of justice. Similarly, justice cannot be delivered till the time there are specific rules to give a fair and equal decision, which is consistent in similar cases[14]. To summarize this discussion, law and justice are two different terms, which co-exist to be meaningful. A range of discussions have been carried over the inter-dependence and the differences between the concept of law and justice. And even though a lot of literature has been written over the difference in these two concepts, the point cannot be denied that these two concepts need each other to satisfy their purpose. This is evidenced from the statements made by both Derrida and Kelsen, where even though they have emphasized upon law and justice being two separate things, they remain a crucial aspect of each other. Hence, it can be concluded, that the relationship between law and justice is quite complex. Bibliography Articles/ Books/ Reports Davies MJ, Asking the Law Question (Law Book Company, 2008) Glendinning S, Derrida and the philosophy of law and justice (2016) 27(2) Law and Critique. Kellogg C, Law's Trace: From Hegel to Derrida (Routledge, 2009) Parry JT, Evil, Law and the State: Perspectives on State Power and Violence (Rodopi, 2006) Sarat A, and Kearns TR, Justice and Injustice in Law and Legal Theory (University of Michigan Press, 2009) Scott SD, Law after Modernity (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013) Turner C, Violence, Law and the Impossibility of Transitional Justice (Routledge, 2016) Wacks R, Understanding Jurisprudence: An Introduction to Legal Theory (Oxford University Press, 4th ed, 2015) Others Canadian Superior Courts Judges association, The Role of the Courts (2006) https://www.cscja-acjcs.ca/role_of_courts-en.asp?l=4 D'Amato A, On the Connection Between Law and Justice (2011) https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001context=facultyworkingpapers Difference Between, Difference between Law and Justice (2017) https://www.differencebetween.info/difference-between-law-and-justice Schillmoller AL, LAW00520 Philosophy of Law, 3rd edition (2011) https://works.bepress.com/anne_schillmoller/15/

Medieval vs Renaissance Corruption in the Church. Essay Example For Students

Medieval vs Renaissance: Corruption in the Church. Essay The Medieval times and the Renaissance each had their separate views of humanism. The Renaissance rejected all beliefs and ideas that the Medieval times had developed. Medieval times thought that the human body and individualism were sinful while Renaissance thinkers said that individualism should be glorified. The main complaints made against the church were corruption and hypocrisy within the clergy. These complaints reflected the Renaissance ideas of individualism in that the clergy thought that it was k to use explore the attributes of the human mind. Individual power and accomplishment was enjoyed and seen as good. Members of the Catholic clergy were financially, politically and socially corrupt. The abuses of clerical power and privileges by the clergy spanned all parts of their daily lives. The daily lives of the Catholic clergy were filled with intemperance and overindulgence. Their financial, political and social corruptions made it practically impossible to serve their positions truly. In essence, the clergy almost wasnt even really clergy at all. They were Just ordinary people in religious clothing. Perhaps the most interesting of the clerical corruptions are the social ones. It has already been addressed that the vow of poverty had been broken in half, smashed and ground into the dirt. People were refused a stately funeral and sometimes denied burial on account of their poverty level (Rogers pig 380). The status of their vow of chastity was in even worse condition. The clergys social corruption was that it was too social. Clerics focused more on their public status than on their congregations which goes back to the Renaissance idea of individual glory. They openly drank, owned private property, slept in, slept around and pretty much ignored their religious obligations. Medieval beliefs about the human body were that the flesh is sinful and should not be seen or touched. The clergy obviously thought differently about the human body and leaned more towards the Renaissance ideas. The political issues of the clergy were seated in their lust for power and money and their variety of privileges. The sale of church offices had a lot to do with the political corruption. Important, as well as insignificant offices were offered up to the highest bidders. Once the Jobs had been filled, the appointees created more new offices to sell for profit. The practice of creating new offices as a fund-raiser is most documented with the popes. Alexander VI created eighty previously non-existent offices, each going for a price of about 19,000 dollars apiece. Julius II and Leo X created similar numbers of offices, which would run at about the same prices. Alexander also had a soft spot for his friends children. For them he arranged significant marriages and named one a cardinal. The clergy was notorious for sucking money out of the people any way they could. They were known to have sold false relics to unsuspecting believers, passing animal difficult because clergy often served as local officials, including those in charge of collecting taxes. However, it was blatantly obvious that the cash was going to the clergy, who were becoming worldlier by the day. Even the papacy, the highest representative of Gods church on Earth, had become almost mortally corrupted. Pope Clement Vics luxurious court and gorgeous retinue were those of a secular prince, not a prince of the church. Another grievance that eventually became a driving force behind the Reformation, was the sale of indulgences. Priests are authorized to absolve a confessor from the guilt and punishment of sins in hell, but not from earthly penance. If all penances are not performed, the balance would have to be paid in purgatory, a kind of temporary hell. The indulgence began to replace prayer, pilgrimage and alms as penance to escape a short piece of their term in purgatory