Relationship Between Deviance and Mental Illness

Deviance and mental illness often go hand-in-hand. While not all deviants are considered mentally ill, almost all mentally ill persons are considered deviant (since mental illness is not considered normal). When studying deviance, then, sociologists also often study mental illness. Theoretical Frameworks The three main theoretical frameworks of sociology regard mental illness a little differently, however, they all look to the social systems in which mental illness is defined, identified, and treated. Functionalists believe that by recognizing mental illness, society upholds values about conforming behavior. Symbolic interactionists see mentally ill persons not as sick, but as victims of societal reactions to their behavior. Finally, conflict theorists, combined with labeling theorists, believe that the people in a society with the fewest resources are the most likely to be labeled mentally ill. For instance, women, racial minorities, and the poor all suffer higher rates of mental illness than groups of higher social and economic status. Further, research has consistently shown that middle- and upper-class persons are more likely to receive some form of psychotherapy for their mental illness. Minorities and poorer individuals are more likely to only receive medication and physical rehabilitation, and not psychotherapy. Sociologists have two possible explanations for the link between social status and mental illness. First, some say it is the stresses of being in a low-income group, being a racial minority, or being a woman in a sexist society that contributes to higher rates of mental illness because this harsher social environment is a threat to mental health. On the other hand, others argue that the same behavior that is labeled mentally ill for some groups may be tolerated in other groups and so therefore not labeled as such. For instance, if a homeless woman were to exhibit crazy, â€Å"deranged† behavior, she would be considered mentally ill whereas if a rich woman exhibited the same behavior, she might be seen as merely eccentric or charming. Women also have higher rates of mental illness than men. Sociologists believe that this stems from the roles that women are forced to play in society. Poverty, unhappy marriages, physical and sexual abuse, the stresses of rearing children, and spending a lot of time doing housework all contribute to higher rates of mental illness for women. Sources: Giddens, A. (1991). Introduction to Sociology. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Company. Andersen, M.L. and Taylor, H.F. (2009). Sociology: The Essentials. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Literature Review - 1353 Words

A literature review conducted by Guccuardi et al. (2013) found that all 13 randomized control trials and comparative studies have affirmative rate differences in culturally based diabetes self-management education when compared to general diabetes education. Lorig et al. (2008) conducted a randomized, controlled trial of the community-based, peer led Spanish Diabetes Self-Management Program (SDSMP) to determine its effectiveness in improving health status, health behaviors, and self-efficacy and maintaining improvements on receiving automated telephone reinforcement. For the study, 533 Spanish-speaking adults with T2DM were provided a 6-week community-based, peer-led SDSMP and participants were randomized into 3 groups – 116 to the SDSMP†¦show more content†¦The results demonstrated that participant had great satisfaction, reduction in hemoglobin A1c levels, increased levels of knowledge, lower psychosocial distress, and improved belief regarding diet and medication to control diabetes at the end of the intervention. Thus the study confirmed the excellent acceptance for and the feasibility of this intervention for adult Hispanic patients with T2DM. Effective diabetes self-management begins with the ability to recognize and understand the disease (Long et al., 2012). Culturally diabetes self-management education is seen as a cornerstone to management of diabetes in the Hispanic population (Coronado et al., 2007). Peà ±a-Purcell et al. (2011) conducted a pilot study in an attempt to evaluate the effects of a culturally sensitive, empowerment-based diabetes self-management education (DSME) program for Spanish speaking Hispanic patients. The study used a prospective quasi-experimental method to investigate the effectiveness of a 5-week DSME program called Yo Puedo on 83 participants for the intervention group and 61 for the control group from the Starr County and Hidalgo County, Texas. The outcomes of the pre-test and post-test assessments, hemoglobin A1c levels and oral surveys were analyzed for self-efficacy, and diabetes self-care and knowledge. Results showed that the intervention group had significantly higher diabetes self-careShow MoreRelatedEssay Literature Review1001 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review The purpose of this research project is for you to create a scholarly piece of graduate-level research and writing, which conforms to APA format. 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Economics for Business and Management

Question: Write an essay on Economics for Business and Management. Answer: Ratio analysis is also known as the financial statement analysis. This analysis helps a management accountant to study and analyze the financial statements of an organization. The detailed analysis helps the accountant to analyze the financial condition of the firm and its position in the competitive market. Therefore, the ratio analysis is considered as a quantitative analysis. The financial statements are analyzed based on all the financial statements of an organization. These include the balance sheet of the firm, the cash flow statement and the income statement. The analysis of the financial statements helps in evaluating the various aspects of the financial and operating performances of an organization. These include liquidity, efficiency, profitability and profitability. The data and information available from the financial statements of an organization vary from one firm to another. Thus, depending on the availability of the financial data and information the types of ratios are calculated for a particular firm in order to analyze its financial position and condition in the competitive market. As per the case study of the organization named Watley, the ratio analysis has been performed in order to determine its financial condition and financial position in the market. The financial data and information has been gathered from the balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement of the organization. Based on the provided data, the liquidity ratio, profitability ratio, activity ratio and gearing ratio of the firm has been calculated. Depending on the availability of the financial information and data, the current ratio has been calculated under the liquidity ratio, total assets turnover ratio has been calculated under activity ratio, return on equity ratio has been calculated under profitability ratio and equity ratio has been calculated under gearing ratio. The calculations and the formulae of each ratio have been provided in the following calculation table. Types of Ratio Formulae 2014 2015 Ratio of 2014 Ratio of 2015 Liquidity Ratio: Current Ratio Current assets 300 480 1.111111111 2.285714286 Current liabilities 270 210 Activity Ratio: Total Assets Turnover Ratio Net Sales 3290 3520 2.122580645 2.213836478 Average total assets 1550 1590 Profitability Ratio: Return on Equity Ratio Net Income 3290 3520 3.655555556 3.259259259 Shareholder's Equity 900 1080 Gearing Ratio: Equity ratio Equity 1080 1220 0.696774194 0.748466258 Assets 1550 1630 The ratio analysis has been performed for the organization Watley for two years i.e. 2014 and 2015. Liquidity Ratio The liquidity ratio indicates the liquidity of a firm that is it indicates the ability of an organization to pay off both the long-term liabilities and current liabilities of the organization. It can also be said that the particular kind of ratio indicates the cash levels of an organization and also its ability to payback its debt and obligations on time. Therefore, it indicates that the higher will be the liquidity ratio, it will be better for the firm. For the company Watley, current ratio has been calculated in order to analyze the financial condition of the firm. The current ratio is defined as a type of liquidity ratio that also indicates the efficiency of a company which measures the ability of the firm to pay off the short-term liabilities along with its current assets. Therefore, the current ratio is also termed as an efficiency ratio that indicates the efficiency of an organization. This particular ratio is considered as a most important measure for liquidit y as the short-term liabilities remain due within the next year. In this case study, the current ratio of the organization Watley has been calculated in order to determine its liquidity as well as efficiency for the future prospect. From the calculation it has been found that the current ratio of the firm has increased from 1.11 in the year 2014 to 2.28 in the year 2015 due to the increase in the current assets of the firm in comparison to the current liabilities. This indicates that the firm has a strong financial condition as the capability of the particular firm of paying back the money has increased with the passage of time. Activity Ratio The activity ratio helps to measure the ability of an organization to convert the various accounts within the balance sheet into sales or cash. This ratio measures the firms efficiency on the basis of the usage of its leverage, assets or other items of balance sheet. This ratio is considered as one of the most important ratios as it helps to determine whether the management of an organization is doing well or not in generating cash and revenue from its resources. For the company Watley, total assets turnover ratio has been calculated in order to analyze the financial condition of the firm. The total assets turnover ratio is an activity ratio that indicates the efficiency of the firm and measures the ability of an organization in order to generate the sales of the company from its assets by comparing the net sales along with the average total assets. It can also be said that this particular ratio helps an organization to show its efficiency in generating sales. For the firm Watley, the assets turnover ratio has been calculated in order to calculate the net sales as a percentage of assets in order to represent the process of generating sales from every dollar of the assets of the firm. The above calculation shows that the total assets turnover ratio of the firm Watley has increased from the year 2014 to 2015. The value of the particular ration in the year 2014 was 2.12 and it then increased to 2.21 in the year 2015 due to the increase in the net sales of the firm with the passage of time compared to the average total assets. This indicates that the particular firm has a strong financial condition. Profitability Ratio The profitability ratio helps in measuring the total amount of profit earned by an organization. In other words it can also be said that the profitability ratios are used in order to assess the ability of an organization to generate the earnings in comparison to its various relevant costs and expenses that incurred during the particular time period. Thus, it can be said that the higher will be the ratio, it will be better for the firm. For the company Watley, return on equity ratio has been calculated in order to analyze the financial condition of the firm. The return on equity ratio also measures the ability of an organization in order to generate profits from the investment of the shareholders. It can also be said that the ROE indicates the amount of profit the company earns from every dollar of the equity of the common stockholders. Here, for the company Watley the ROE has been calculated in order to determine ability of the firm in generating profits. It has been found that the profitability ratio of the firm has decreased with the passage of time. The return on equity ratio was 3.65 in the year 2014 but it decreased to 3.25 in the year 2015. This indicates that the shareholders equity has been decreased slightly with the passage of time. Thus, it represents that the firm has a weak financial condition. Gearing Ratio The gearing ratio is defined as terminology that describes the financial ratio and compares the equity of the owner with the borrowed funds. In other words it can also be said that the gearing ratio helps to measure the financial leverage and demonstrates degree to which the activities of an organization are funded by the funds of the owner versus the funds creditors. For the company Watley, equity ratio has been calculated in order to analyze the financial condition of the firm. The equity ratio is defined as a solvency or leverage ratio that helps in measuring the quantity of assets that are financed by the investments of the owners by relating the total equity of the firm to its total assets. For Watley, this particular ratio has been calculated in order to determine the solvency of the firm. It can be said from the above calculation that the equity ratio of the firm Watley increased from 0.69 in the year 2014 to 0.74 in the year 2015 due to the increase in equity c ompared to the assets of the firm. This indicates that the firm Watley had a strong financial condition and thus has a strong financial position in the market. Therefore, it can be concluded that the company Watley has a strong financial condition as all the ratios like liquidity ratio, activity ratio and gearing ratio except the profitability ratio of the firm have increased with the passage of time from the year 2014 to 2015. Thus, it can be suggested that the profitability ratio of the firm Watley should increase in order to run the business effectively and efficiently in future. The profitability ratio of the firm can be increased with the increase in the sales or revenues of the firm, by reducing the cost of production and by increasing the net income of the firm in order to run the organization successfully.

Why There Is No Peace In Israel

Introduction The book How Israel Lost analyzes four areas that have affected people of Israel and Palestine for several years. The author has divided the book into four parts. The first and the third parts discuss about Israel. The second part discusses about Palestine, and the last part wraps all the ideas together and comes up with viable solutions.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Why There Is No Peace In Israel? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the issues and questions answered by the book, there is the following: Why is there no peace in Israel? In this area, the writer gives his own views why Israel has not lived peacefully with Palestine. I found this area of discussion most interesting. This paper discusses why there is no peace between the two neighboring nations. Useful Discussions in the Book According to Cramer (2004), border crisis is the cause of unrest in Israel and Palestine. Israel attacks Palestine at bounder while Palestine attacks Israel for the sake of revenge. This has led to suffering of the Israelites and the Palestinians living in Gaza and west bank and, as a result, a long-term crisis between the two nations. According to Cramer (2004), as the Israelites attack Palestine to gain more land and resources from the land occupied by Palestinians, they become victims just like the Palestine. This means the war between the two nation will only oppress their citizens whether the Palestinians or the Israelites. According to Cramer (2004), Jews living in Israel seem to have forgotten the principles found in the state. Their goals and standard were to become the light on democracy and peace to whole world. It would be observed that this is not the case in the current Israel. The country is not at peace at all either internally or externally. They are always fighting and oppressing Palestine. This is not in line with the principle the nation was found in. Therefore, acco rding to Cramer, this is the reason why there is no peace in Israel. The soldiers after coming home from the war do not live in peace. According to Cramer (2004), there is no peace in the country. This is because the soldiers after breaking homes and killing innocent individuals at Palestine bounder do not live at peace with one another.Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The young individual learn to oppress those how do not belong to their group. This has a far-reaching impact in the society since the nation will be composed of individuals who do not co-exist with one another hence there is lack of peace. This means that morality of the Israelites is affected by war against Palestine. Therefore, as long as war persists, there will be no peace in Israel. Israel’s aggression against Palestine is hurting the Israel military. According to crammer (2004), as long as Israel fights the Palestine, the military will be weakening day after day. This is because more soldiers are constantly killed and resources are used to support the war rather than being used for development purposes. Crammer argues that the war between the two nations is not helping none of them but brings more harm to their military. According to Cramer (2004), the Israelites have lost the moral standards and goals. This is because they treat Palestine more harshly. Though the Israelites have been subjected to violence for several decades, Cramer believes that the Israelites should be kind to Palestine. This is because they have suffered for more than half a century and, probably, know how it feels to be oppressed. This is not the case with the Israelites. The reason is because their moral standards have been degraded. According to Cramer, the continued lack of morality among the Israelites is the main reason why there is no peace in Israel. Cramer (2004) wonders how just and humane nation can trea t the Palestinians so harshly. This is because of demolition of homes in the west bank and Gaza. The homes belong to the Palestinians. This also led to the killing of innocent individuals together with the targeted Palestinians. Cramer wonders how the Israeli Supreme Court does not bother to assist Palestine. This shows how the democracy and justice have degraded in this nation. According to Cramer (2004), the lack of social justice and morality among the citizens is the reason why there is no peace in Israel.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Why There Is No Peace In Israel? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two nations have been in bounder crisis for so long. This has affected everybody in the two societies. Each society accuses the other for the crisis. This has made it difficult to get a long lasting solution to this crisis. In the last part of the book, Cramer tries to give solutions to these problems. He calls upon the leader of the two nations, that is Ariel Sharon, of Israel and Yasser Arafat, to come together and settle disputes peacefully. This was the only solution to bring peace in Israel but it did not happen. The two did not get long-term solutions of the bounder crisis. This has worsened insecurity at the bounder. The Jews and the Palestinians are affected alike. The more Israel oppresses the Palestinian, the more the situation worsens. The Palestinians formulate the ways of defending themselves, revenge, while the Israelites formulate ways of attacking Palestine, and occupy the areas that they believe belongs to them. During the operation, homes especially for the Palestine are destroyed. People, especially children and women, are killed. This act is condemned by Cramer (2004) since he wonders how the Israelites are treating Palestine so harshly. Cramer states that the morality among the Israelites has disappeared in the recent past. Conclusion According to Cramer (2004), the principle of Israel as a nation was to be the light unto the nations of the word. According to Cramer’s observation, Israel does not live by this principle. Basing the argument on this point, Israel will only have peace when they observe the principle forming the state. This is because without the moral standards being observed, the war against the Palestine will go on and, consequently, no peace in Israel. According to Cramer, the goals of the nation have been overlooked as the nation fights with Palestine. This shows that the nation has not settled down to serve the people. This is the major reason why even within the nation there is no peace. The book has explained how young individuals at their tender ages learn how to destroy property. This is something that does not belong to them. As well, young individuals learn to oppress the defenseless and the less fortunate in the society. This means that they do not learn what democracy is. This has propagated the degree of immorality in the nation. With such immorality, the nation cannot be at peace.Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Cramer, R. (2004). How Israel lost: the four questions. New York: Simon Schuster. This report on Why There Is No Peace In Israel? was written and submitted by user Edith Martin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.